tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44128077393190760682024-02-08T07:22:29.407-08:00Norton ScientificSara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-34679223403514375102012-08-17T03:41:00.003-07:002012-08-17T03:41:58.476-07:00Norton Scientific: NORTON SCIENTIFIC SCAM-Detection and Prevention of...<a href="http://nortonscientificsaravixen.blogspot.com/2012/08/norton-scientific-scam-detection-and.html?spref=bl">Norton Scientific: NORTON SCIENTIFIC SCAM-Detection and Prevention of...</a>: http://benidictforbes.typepad.com/blog/2012/03/blogspot-norton-scientific-scam-detection-and-prevention-of-clinical-research-fraud-fc2-knowh...Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-69564603098852552582012-08-17T03:41:00.001-07:002012-08-17T03:41:21.042-07:00NORTON SCIENTIFIC SCAM-Detection and Prevention of Clinical Research Fraud - FC2 Knowhow | RedGage - The-looser-it-s-me<a href="http://the-looser-it-s-me.net/story/norton-scientific-scam-detection-and-prevention-of-clinical-research-fraud--fc2-knowhow--redgage#.UC4fdrp37fo.blogger">NORTON SCIENTIFIC SCAM-Detection and Prevention of Clinical Research Fraud - FC2 Knowhow | RedGage - The-looser-it-s-me</a>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-38721611618740581072012-08-17T03:36:00.002-07:002012-08-17T03:36:24.477-07:00 NORTON SCIENTIFIC SCAM-Detection and Prevention of Clinical Research Fraud - FC2 Knowhow | RedGage<a href="http://benidictforbes.typepad.com/blog/2012/03/blogspot-norton-scientific-scam-detection-and-prevention-of-clinical-research-fraud-fc2-knowhow-redg.html">http://benidictforbes.typepad.com/blog/2012/03/blogspot-norton-scientific-scam-detection-and-prevention-of-clinical-research-fraud-fc2-knowhow-redg.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Current Class Dates (subject to change): <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Scheduled as Needed based on Student Demand. Email us atonlinetrain@nortonaudits.com if you are interested in this course. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Description - This is an advanced-level class that takes an in-depth examination of severe noncompliance, clinical data fabrication and falsification, scientific misconduct and fraud cases. The course focus is on developing skills for preventing fraud and misconduct and preparing clinical research professionals to better handle severe noncompliance. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Class Agenda/Modules - Instructors Make a Difference <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Defining Clinical Research Fraud and Misconduct <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Evaluation of Case History <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">R.E.S.E.A.R.C.H. TM Skills Program <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Advanced Auditing and Monitoring Skills for Prevention <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Case Development <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Typical Class Attendee - <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sponsor Auditors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contract Research Organization Auditors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Clinical Research Associates and Monitors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Institutional Review Board Internal Auditors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Food and Drug Administration Investigators <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Independent Consultant Auditors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Compliance Auditors <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Experience Level - Advanced; CRC, CRA or Auditor position for two years, preferably with a four year medical or science degree <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Class Price - $1500 (10% Southeast Regional Discount and 10% multiple persons from the same organization discounts are available)<o:p></o:p></span></div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-8545762701556794002012-08-17T03:35:00.001-07:002012-08-17T03:35:47.822-07:00Norton Scientific: Google’s Knowledge Graph Debuts<a href="http://nortonscientificsaravixen.blogspot.com/2012/08/googles-knowledge-graph-debuts.html?spref=bl">Norton Scientific: Google’s Knowledge Graph Debuts</a>: http://norton-scientificcollection.com/collection/tag/norton-scientific-scam-research/ Google has launched its new search tool, Knowledge ...Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-62849772307596564092012-08-17T03:33:00.000-07:002012-08-17T03:33:58.103-07:00Google’s Knowledge Graph Debuts<a href="http://norton-scientificcollection.com/collection/tag/norton-scientific-scam-research/">http://norton-scientificcollection.com/collection/tag/norton-scientific-scam-research/</a><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Google has launched its new search tool, Knowledge Graph that will give direct answers in its results instead of simply providing links in an attempt to improve its core search business. Now, when you search for a popular place, person or thing, a floating panel on the right side of the results page will have a summarized answer for you, along with some related information.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Knowledge Graph feature might just be the largest search launch in Google’s history. In fact, Google says that this feature has already surpassed the launch of Google News and Google Image in terms of information available on the first day — and it will obviously continue to grow as more collections and relations are being added. And for an online community that’s getting sick of all the hype on social search, Google’s renewed focus on improving the key search business is a refreshing change.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Google has been working on the Knowledge Graph for the past 2 years and have already made a database with 500 million entities and 3.5 billion defining connections and attributes like related searches. The Knowledge Graph draws information from a collection of information publicly available from sources like Freebase, Metaweb, Wikipedia, Google Books and World CIA Fact Book, among others.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://norton-scientificcollection.com/" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #743399; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Norton Scientific Collection</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">reports that Google is not aiming to give false information with is Knowledge Graph but to actually draw relationships between objects in an attempt to figure what a user wants to know. For example, if searching for a prominent figure in history, the KG may include family details as well as his notable works and other contributions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Amit Singhal, Google’s senior vice president of engineering, said in a blog post, “We’re proud of our first baby step—the Knowledge Graph—which will enable us to make search more intelligent, moving us closer to the ‘Star Trek computer’ that I’ve always dreamt of building.”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The rollout of this new feature will result in users being presented with summarized information about the query term along with the classic search results links.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the fulfillment of Google’s previous promise to start employing “semantic” algorithms aiming to improved search through automatically connecting related ideas. Basically, its goal is to offer users contextualized answer and more helpful details while anticipating next queries. In short, Knowledge Graph is designed to make users find the exact answers even more quickly. Also in the right panel, there will be related links to help users discover other stuff that are connected to their search. It is like making a non-linear association to something that might come up in a conversation among friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif";">This is a feature that has considerable long-term applications for online search and it is obviously still a work in progress for Google.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“We’re in the early phases of moving from being an information engine to becoming a knowledge engine, and these enhancements are one step in that direction,” said product management director Johanna Wright in Google’s promotional video for the Knowledge Graph.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 115%;">At present, the Knowledge Graph is only available for English-language searches and plans to launch it in other languages are still in the works. Possible updates may also include media like audio and video files as well as links for buying products directly</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-13473737240900895242012-08-17T03:24:00.001-07:002012-08-17T03:24:51.997-07:00Google’s Knowledge Graph Debuts - The-looser-it-s-me<a href="http://the-looser-it-s-me.net/story/google-s-knowledge-graph-debuts-2#.UC4b1CN6vHM.blogger">Google’s Knowledge Graph Debuts - The-looser-it-s-me</a>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-26999554466229989932012-04-11T20:09:00.000-07:002012-04-11T20:09:24.586-07:00Blog / Norton Scientific Journal - Newsvine - Norton Scientific Scam by Gerald Youngster<div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://en.netlog.com/geraldyoungster/blog/blogid=8261655">Norton Scientific Scam Tumblr</a> </div><div class="MsoNormal">Norton Scientific – 4/11/2012 - This is a review of Broad and Wade’s Betrayers of the Truth. The author uses a subtitle which is revealing: the loyalist responds to heresy not by seeing that something might be wrong, that there may be some merit to this sort of reassessment, but by defending the ideology. Zinder has managed to misread Broad and Wade in several places. There is sufficient misrepresentation to mean that he read the book very selectively. “The authors continually confound science with scientists. And the book not only fails to enlighten us on science but doesn’t even begin to provide any insight on scientific method.” (p. 94) “Thirty four cases of fraud over a 2,000 year period are documented in the book, a number roughly comparable to the number of lawyers who went to jail for Watergate. Despite this small number, the authors imply that scientific fraud is common… <a href="http://norton-scientificcollection.com/collection/">read more articles</a></div><!--EndFragment--> � f �� �h� es where the thieves use legitimate taxpayers’ information to file a return and claim a fraudulent refund. A notice from the IRS will usually be sent to a taxpayer if more than one return was filed in his or her name, or if he or she received salary from an unknown employer.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Suspicious preparers of return have been known to steal their clients’ refunds or charge huge amounts for preparing the return on the client’s behalf. They basically draw potential clients by promising guaranteed or increased refunds. A number of federal courts have already issued hundreds of injunctions while the Justice Department has many pending complaints against others.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Because of this, taxpayers are warned to choose carefully who to hire as tax preparer. As a preventive measure, every paid preparer are required to have a PTIN (Preparer Tax Identification Number) that he needs to put on the returns he prepares.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Scammers typically target the elderly and persons who have low income in order to bring false hopes and charge them for the ‘advice’. But victims always end up disappointed afterwards.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">For instance, several years ago, one of the most widespread tax frauds toyed with the concept that paying tax is not required at all but only voluntary. Furthermore, victims were told that if you put a specific language on your tax return, IRS would not tax you. But as part of the whole scam, you have to pay some amount or other to get the language and the proper forms.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The primary source of identity theft was discovered to be in hospitals where patient information is not secured properly.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">IRS announced last month a national crack down on suspected perpetrators of tax fraud as part of their efforts to protect taxpayers. Together with the Department of Justice’s Tax Division, they have created a protection unit and a hotline dedicated for fraud issues to assist taxpayers.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Norton Scientific Reviews is maintained by a blogger-cum-security-specialist who keeps a close watch on the tech industry and the trend of badware. This blog aims to educate the public and keep the pros up-to-date with regards to malicious software and their respective anti-virus counterparts.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">In this digital age, being in-the-know is the most elementary step to avoid getting pwned. Norton Scientific Reviews covers even the most basic concepts on malware and infection prevention for newbies. While for tech junkies, there are also in-depth software reviews and jargon-filled tech reports on various topics.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Source: <a href="http://www.peoplebookmarks.com/entertainment/2012/04/11/norton-scientific-reviews-on-irs-warns-of-tax-fraud-scam/">http://www.peoplebookmarks.com/entertainment/2012/04/11/norton-scientific-reviews-on-irs-warns-of-tax-fraud-scam/</a></div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-54014355704929495292012-04-11T19:00:00.000-07:002012-04-11T19:00:03.944-07:00Norton Scientific Reviews on IRS Warns of Tax Fraud Scam<div class="MsoNormal">/PeopleBookmarks/ - 4/12/2012 - <a href="http://norton-scientificcollection.com/collection/">Norton Scientific</a> Reviews blog gives you the latest update on IRS warning on Tax fraud and other related scams.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The US Internal Revenue Service has published their yearly ranking of tax scams, called Dirty Dozen, in an effort to remind taxpayers to be cautious as there are many schemes designed to cheat them this tax period.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The list which is compiled by the IRS every year also contains a wide range of common tax scams that people can encounter anytime. But the fraudulent claims usually increase during the time people file their tax returns. Con artists will try to cheat people either through online, email messages, flyers, word of mouth or personal encounter. They are armed with misleading promises about free money or lost refunds.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The most complex and accounts for the most number of victims is the case of identity theft. IRS has seen increasing number of such cases where the thieves use legitimate taxpayers’ information to file a return and claim a fraudulent refund. A notice from the IRS will usually be sent to a taxpayer if more than one return was filed in his or her name, or if he or she received salary from an unknown employer.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Suspicious preparers of return have been known to steal their clients’ refunds or charge huge amounts for preparing the return on the client’s behalf. They basically draw potential clients by promising guaranteed or increased refunds. A number of federal courts have already issued hundreds of injunctions while the Justice Department has many pending complaints against others.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Because of this, taxpayers are warned to choose carefully who to hire as tax preparer. As a preventive measure, every paid preparer are required to have a PTIN (Preparer Tax Identification Number) that he needs to put on the returns he prepares.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Scammers typically target the elderly and persons who have low income in order to bring false hopes and charge them for the ‘advice’. But victims always end up disappointed afterwards.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">For instance, several years ago, one of the most widespread tax frauds toyed with the concept that paying tax is not required at all but only voluntary. Furthermore, victims were told that if you put a specific language on your tax return, IRS would not tax you. But as part of the whole scam, you have to pay some amount or other to get the language and the proper forms.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The primary source of identity theft was discovered to be in hospitals where patient information is not secured properly.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">IRS announced last month a national crack down on suspected perpetrators of tax fraud as part of their efforts to protect taxpayers. Together with the Department of Justice’s Tax Division, they have created a protection unit and a hotline dedicated for fraud issues to assist taxpayers.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Norton Scientific Reviews is maintained by a blogger-cum-security-specialist who keeps a close watch on the tech industry and the trend of badware. This blog aims to educate the public and keep the pros up-to-date with regards to malicious software and their respective anti-virus counterparts.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">In this digital age, being in-the-know is the most elementary step to avoid getting pwned. Norton Scientific Reviews covers even the most basic concepts on malware and infection prevention for newbies. While for tech junkies, there are also in-depth software reviews and jargon-filled tech reports on various topics.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Source: <a href="http://www.peoplebookmarks.com/entertainment/2012/04/11/norton-scientific-reviews-on-irs-warns-of-tax-fraud-scam/">http://www.peoplebookmarks.com/entertainment/2012/04/11/norton-scientific-reviews-on-irs-warns-of-tax-fraud-scam/</a></div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-65155412967537878452011-10-24T02:16:00.000-07:002011-10-24T02:16:52.308-07:00Norton Scientific: Invisible Man<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><b>Invisible Man</b></i> is a novel written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a>, and the only one that he published during his lifetime (his other novels were published posthumously). It won him the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Book_Award" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> in 1953. The novel addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_nationalism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Black nationalism">black nationalism</a>, the relationship between black identity and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, and the reformist racial policies of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a>, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1998, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Library" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a> ranked <i>Invisible Man</i> nineteenth on its list of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Novels" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Library 100 Best Novels">100 best English-language novels of the 20th century</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; white-space: nowrap;">1</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_background">Historical background</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="mw-headline">In his introduction to the 30th Anniversary Edition of <i>Invisible Man</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-novel_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man#cite_note-novel-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Ellison says that he started writing the book in a barn in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitsfield,_Vermont" title="Waitsfield, Vermont">Waitsfield</a>, Vermont in the summer of 1945 while on sick leave from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">Merchant Marine</a> and that the novel continued to preoccupy him in various parts of New York City. In an interview in <i>The Paris Review</i> 1955,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Ellison states that the book took five years to complete with one year off for what he termed an "ill-conceived short novel." <i>Invisible Man</i> was published as a whole in 1952; however, copyright dates show the initial publication date as 1947, 1948, indicating that Ellison had published a section of the book prior to full publication. That section was the famous "Battle Royal" scene, which had been shown to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Connolly" title="Cyril Connolly">Cyril Connolly</a>, the editor of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_%28magazine%29" title="Horizon (magazine)">Horizon</a></i> magazine by Frank Taylor, one of Ellison's early supporters.<br />
Ellison states in his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> acceptance speech that he considered the novel's chief significance to be its experimental attitude. Rejecting the idea of social protest—as Ellison would later put it—he did not want to write another protest novel, and also seeing the highly regarded styles of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_%28literature%29" title="Naturalism (literature)">Naturalism</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_%28arts%29" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a> too limiting to speak to the broader issues of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_%28classification_of_human_beings%29" title="Race (classification of human beings)">race</a> and America, Ellison created an open style, one that did not restrict his ideas to a movement but was more free-flowing in its delivery. What Ellison finally settled on was a style based heavily upon modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolism</a>. It was the kind of symbolism that Ellison first encountered in the poem <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>. Ellison had read this poem as a freshman at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a> and was immediately impressed by <i>The Waste Land</i>'s ability to merge his two greatest passions, that of music and literature, for it was in <i>The Waste Land</i> that he first saw <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> set to words. When asked later what he had learned from the poem, Ellison responded: imagery, and also improvisation—techniques he had only before seen in jazz.<br />
Ellison always believed that he would be a musician first and a writer second, and yet even so he had acknowledged that writing provided him a "growing satisfaction." It was a "covert process," according to Ellison: "a refusal of his right hand to let his left hand know what it was doing."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invisible_Man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot introduction">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Plot_introduction">Plot introduction</span></h2><i>Invisible Man</i> is <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrated" title="Narrated">narrated</a> in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_person_narration" title="First person narration">first person</a> by the protagonist, an unnamed African American man who considers himself socially invisible. His character may have been inspired by Ellison's own life. The narrator may be conscious of his audience, writing as a way to make himself visible to mainstream culture; the book is structured as if it were the narrator's autobiography although it begins in the middle of his life.<br />
The story is told from the narrator's present, looking back into his past. Thus, the narrator has hindsight in how his story is told, as he is already aware of the outcome.<br />
In the Prologue, Ellison's narrator tells readers, "I live rent-free in a building rented strictly to whites, in a section of the basement that was shut off and forgotten during the nineteenth century." In this secret place, the narrator creates surroundings that are symbolically illuminated with 1,369 lights. He says, "My hole is warm and full of light. Yes, full of light. I doubt if there is a brighter spot in all New York than this hole of mine, and I do not exclude <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_%28New_York_City%29" title="Broadway (New York City)">Broadway</a>." The protagonist explains that light is an intellectual necessity for him since "the truth is the light and light is the truth." From this underground perspective, the narrator attempts to make sense out of his life, experiences, and position in American society.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invisible_Man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plot summary">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</span></h2>In the beginning, the main character lives in a small town in the South. He is a model student, even being named his high school's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a>. Having written and delivered an excellent paper about the struggles of the average black man, he gets to tell his speech to a group of white men, who force him to participate in a series of degrading events. After finally giving his speech, he gets a scholarship to an all-black college that is clearly modeled on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a>.<br />
During his junior year at the college, the narrator takes Mr. Norton, a visiting rich white trustee, on a drive in the country. He accidentally drives to the house of Jim Trueblood, a black man living on the college's outskirts, who impregnated his own daughter. Trueblood, though disgraced by his fellow blacks, has found greater support from whites. After hearing Trueblood's story and giving Trueblood a hundred dollar bill, Mr. Norton faints, then asks for some alcohol to help his condition, prompting the narrator to take him to a local tavern. At the Golden Day tavern, Norton passes in and out of consciousness as World War I veterans being treated at the nearby mental hospital for various mental health issues occupy the bar and a fight breaks out among them. One of the veterans claims to be a doctor and tends to Mr. Norton. The dazed and confused Mr. Norton is not fully aware of what’s going on, as the veteran doctor chastises the actions of the trustee and the young black college student. Through all the chaos, the narrator manages to get the recovered Mr. Norton back to the campus after a day of unusual events.<br />
Upon returning to the school he is fearful of the reaction of the day's incidents from college president Dr. Bledsoe. At any rate, insight into Bledsoe's knowledge of the events and the narrator's future at the campus is somewhat prolonged as an important visitor arrives. The narrator views a sermon by the highly respected Reverend Homer A. Barbee. Barbee, who is blind, delivers a speech about the legacy of the college's founder, with such passion and resonance that he comes vividly alive to the narrator; his voice makes up for his blindness. The narrator is so inspired by the speech that he feels impassioned like never before to contribute to the college's legacy. However, all his dreams are shattered as a meeting with Bledsoe reveals his fate. Fearing that the college's funds will be jeopardized by the incidents that occurred, Bledsoe immediately expels the narrator. While the Invisible Man once aspired to be like Bledsoe, he realizes that the man has portrayed himself as a black stereotype in order to succeed in the white-dominated society. This serves as the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_%28feeling%29" title="Epiphany (feeling)">epiphany</a> among many in the narrator realizing his invisibility. This epiphany is not yet complete when Bledsoe gives him several letters of recommendation to help him get a job under the assumption that he could return upon earning enough money for the next semester. Upon arriving in New York, the narrator distributes the letters with no success. Eventually, the son of one of the people to whom he sent a letter takes pity on him and shows him an opened copy of the letter; it reveals that Bledsoe never had any intentions of letting the narrator return and sent him to New York to get rid of him.<br />
Acting upon the son's suggestion, the narrator eventually gets a job in the boiler room of a paint factory in a company renowned for its white paints. The man in charge of the boiler room, Lucius Brockway, is extremely <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoid</a> and thinks that the narrator has come to take his job. He is also extremely loyal to the company's owner, who once paid him a personal visit. When the narrator tells him about a union meeting he happened upon, Brockway is outraged, and attacks him. They fight, and Brockway tricks him into turning a wrong valve and causing a boiler to explode. Brockway escapes, but the narrator is hospitalized after the blast. While recovering, the narrator overhears doctors discussing him as a mental health patient. He learns through their discussion that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">shock treatment</a> has been performed on him.<br />
After the shock treatments, the narrator attempts to return to his residence when he feels overwhelmed by a certain dizziness and faints on the streets of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>. He is taken to the residence of a kind, old-fashioned woman by the name of Mary. Mary is down-to-earth and reminds the narrator of his relatives in the South and friends at the college. Mary somewhat serves as a mother figure for the narrator. While living there, he happens upon an eviction of an elderly black couple and makes an impassioned speech decrying the action. Soon, however, police arrive, and the narrator is forced to escape over several building tops. Upon reaching safety, he is confronted by a man named Jack who followed him and implores him to join a group called The Brotherhood that is a thinly veiled version of the Communist Party and claims to be committed to social change and betterment of the conditions in Harlem. The narrator agrees.<br />
The narrator is at first happy to be making a difference in the world, "making history," in his new job. While for the most part his rallies go smoothly, he soon encounters trouble from Ras the Exhorter, a fanatical black nationalist in the vein of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a> who believes that the Brotherhood is controlled by whites. Ras tells this to the narrator and Tod Clifton, a youth leader of the Brotherhood, neither of whom seem to be swayed by his words.<br />
When he returns to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, Tod Clifton has disappeared. When the narrator finds him, he realizes that Clifton has become disillusioned with the Brotherhood, and has quit. Clifton is selling dancing <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambo_%28ethnic_slur%29" title="Sambo (ethnic slur)">Sambo</a> dolls on the street, mocking the organization he once believed in. He soon dies. At Clifton's funeral, the narrator rallies crowds to win back his former widespread Harlem support and delivers a rousing speech. However, he is criticized in a clandestine meeting with Brother Jack and other members for not being scientific in his arguments at the funeral; angered, he begins to argue in retaliation, causing Jack to lose his temper and accidentally make his glass eye fly out of one of his sockets. The narrator realizes that the half-blind Jack has never really seen him either.<br />
He buys sunglasses and a hat as a disguise, and is mistaken for a man named Rinehart in a number of different scenarios: first, as a lover, then, a hipster, a gambler, a briber, and, finally, as a reverend. He sees that Rinehart has adapted to white society, at the cost of his own identity.He decides to take his grandfather's dying advice to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction. . ." and "yes" the Brotherhood to death, by making it appear that the Harlem membership is thriving when in reality it is crumbling. However, he soon realizes the cost of this action: Ras becomes a powerful <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagogue</a>. After escaping Ras (by throwing a spear Ras had acquired through the leader's jaw, permanently sealing it), the narrator is attacked by a couple of people who trap him inside a coal-filled manhole/basement, sealing him off for the night and leaving him alone to finally confront the demons of his mind: Bledsoe, Norton, and Jack.<br />
At the end of the novel, the narrator is ready to resurface because "overt action" has already taken place. This could be that, in telling us the story, the narrator has already made a political statement where change could occur. Storytelling, then, and the preservation of history of these invisible individuals is what causes political change.</span></div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-52948083271289465972011-09-26T04:10:00.001-07:002011-09-26T04:10:33.863-07:00NORTON SCIENTIFIC-Norton: Donald Roberts, "Scientific Fraud", and DDT<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In <a href="http://www.zimbio.com/go/5smwEf0Vs8s/http://www.aei.org/outlook/101019" style="color: #16507e; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">this piece</a> Roger Bate, Donald Roberts and Richard Tren accuse the UN of "Scientific Fraud against DDT". Their Accusation is based on an Opinion paper by<a href="http://www.zimbio.com/go/tZ3mk-qUUA6/http://www.dovepress.com/international-advocacy-against-ddt-and-other-public-health-insecticide-peer-reviewed-article-RRTM" style="color: #16507e; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Roberts and Tren</a> published in Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine. So let's look at their paper and see where the "Scientific Fraud" is.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Roberts and Tren's key argument is that reductions in malaria in the Americas were not the result of <a href="http://www.zimbio.com/go/1fSqwBEDxqY/http://www.thegef.org/gef/" style="color: #16507e; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Global Environmental Facility</a> interventions but were caused by increased use of antimalarial drugs. In their own words:</div><blockquote><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 8px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"However, their successes were not a result of the interventions we describe as components of the GEF project. Their successes were mostly a result of wide distributions of antimalarial drugs to suppress malaria (see Table 1). Data in the Table reveal trends of increased numbers of antimalarial pills distributed per diagnosed case and decreased numbers of cases. Equally obvious is the decreased numbers of pills distributed per diagnosed case, and increased numbers of cases in two countries (Costa Rica and Panama)."</div></blockquote><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So their argument rests on table 1. Here's table 1.</div><pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Country pills/case pills/case % change in % change in 1990 in 2004 pills/case in cases Mexico 235 2566 1092 -1307 Belize 21 82 390 -287 Costa Rica 653 100 -653 112 El Salvador 34 22802 67064 -8276 Guatemala 38 54 142 -144 Honduras 30 51 170 -338 Nicaragua 279 1319 473 -519 Panama 202 140 -144 1337 </pre><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The first thing that leaps out at you is that the table shows reductions of more than 100%, which is impossible. Panama cannot have experienced a decrease of 144% in pills/case. According to the two previous columns in the table there was a decrease from 202 to 140, which is a 31% reduction, not 144%. 202/140 is 144%, but it is not the case that the column contains the ratio of pill/case in 1990 divided by pills/case in 2004 (ie, is just labelled wrongly), because then the number for Guatemala would be 70%, not the 142% shown in the table. The column appears to show the bigger number divided by the smaller. That is, all the percent changes in that column are calculated incorrectly and the increases and decrease were calculated differently.</div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-79309045362758566862011-09-20T00:46:00.000-07:002011-09-20T00:46:57.169-07:00Norton Scientific: Andrew Norton » Blog Archive » The strange Quadrant hoax<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;"><em>Crikey</em>, in one of its rare (if minor) scoops, <a href="http://www.crikey.com.au/Politics/20090106-How-Quadrant-swallowed-a-giant-hoax-.html" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;">reports that</a> <em>Quadrant</em> editor Keith Windschuttle was hoaxed into publishing <a href="http://www.quadrant.org.au/magazine/issue/2009/1-2/scare-campaigns-and-science-reporting" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;">this piece </a>on scare campaigns and science reporting by mythical biotechnologist Sharon Gould.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">But what point is this hoax intended to make?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">According to the <em>Crikey</em> article,</div><blockquote style="border-left-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 5px; color: black; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">In a ruse designed to lampoon Windschuttle’s historical research, which began by checking the footnotes of leading historians, the article contains some false references.</div></blockquote><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">Maybe there is a very small irony here, but there is not much of an analogy. Academic historians writing on their own subject should be held to high standards of accuracy. Editors of generalist magazines publishing tens of thousands of other people’s words a month on a wide variety of topics cannot be expected to check every claim and every reference.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">From a reader’s perspective, it’s hard to see the difference between the hoax article and the<a href="http://andrewnorton.info/2008/12/crook-analysis-of-think-tanks/" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;"> error-ridden piece </a><em>Crikey</em> published on think-tanks a few weeks ago, except that “Sharon Gould” lied about his/her true identity, and <em>Crikey</em>‘s Andrew Crook used his real name (I assume; I had never heard of him prior to this). They are both non-credible pieces that ideally should not have been published, but in a world of limited editorial resources they both slipped through the net.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">Nor is it at all clear that this hoax has the meaning attributed to it by <em>Crikey</em>journalist Margaret Simons <a href="http://blogs.crikey.com.au/contentmakers/?source=cmailer" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;">on her blog:</a><br />
<span id="more-741"></span></div><blockquote style="border-left-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 5px; color: black; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">The sting of this hoax as I undertand it is to establish that despite its attacks on post-modern slackness, and despite Windschuttle’s nitpicking of other people’s research, despite the fulminating against academic slackness from the right, it is possible for Quadrant and Windschuttle to publish pseudo-scientific nonsense, so long as it appears to fit in with their ideological view. In other words, that zealotry of all kinds has the potential to make people blind to evidence that doesn’t fit in with their preconceptions, and more liable to accept and privilege evidence that pleases them.</div></blockquote><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">The trouble with this interpretation is that there is nothing much in this article that particularly fits with the <em>Quadrant</em> worldview.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">As I read the article, it has two main arguments. The first is that the views of the public are often ill-informed on science due to the way scientific findings are reported, and are given too much weight relative to the views of scientists. It would be hard to dispute that most members of the public are not scientific experts, and I doubt there are many experts on any subject who believe that the public’s less-informed opinions should prevail over their own. Such views could be found from people of almost any political perspective except populism.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">The only hint that there could be some ideological angle here is the chosen example of genetically modified food. Some right-wingers have criticised what they regard as Green superstitions on this subject. But many conservatives of the type who read<em>Quadrant </em>would also have reservations about genetic modification.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">And this makes it all the less likely that the second argument fits with the <em>Quadrant</em>ideological worldview. This is that human genes be used to modify food. I’d be surprised if most conservatives did not oppose that.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">For the hoax idea to work along these lines, it needed to be a climate change denialist piece – the one area in which <em>Quadrant</em> has been involved in a scientific debate that has acquired distinctive left-right ideological connotations. But<em>Quadrant </em>is generally attacked on this for <a href="http://kalimna.blogspot.com/2008/12/keith-windschuttle-on-climate-change.html" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;">rejecting the scientific consensus</a>, when on the logic of Simons’ ‘understanding’ the <em>Quadrant</em> orthodoxy would need to be an uncritical embrace of whatever scientists say.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px;">If I had to guess why Windschuttle was attracted to this piece (which isn’t well written) it is that he thought it might be provocative, rather than because he thought his readers would be nodding in agreement. But he clearly didn’t think it was that noteworthy, as it appears on page 70 of the print version of the magazine. (His response to the hoax <a href="file:///P://www.quadrant.org.au/blogs/qed/2009/01/margaret-simons-and-an-apparent-hoax-on-quadrant" style="color: #0d6aa6; text-decoration: none;">is here.</a>)</div>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4412807739319076068.post-54534742737945957992011-09-20T00:35:00.000-07:002011-09-20T00:35:02.534-07:00Norton Scientific: \Zinder, Norton D. "Fraud in Science, A Scientist's View," Science 83 (January/February, 1983)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #e8ebe4; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">This is a review of Broad and Wade's Betrayers of the Truth. The author uses a subtitle which is<br />
revealing: the loyalist responds to heresy not by seeing that something might be wrong, that there<br />
may be some merit to this sort of reassessment, but by defending the ideology. Zinder has<br />
managed to misread Broad and Wade in several places. There is sufficient misrepresentation to<br />
mean that he read the book very selectively. "The authors continually confound science with<br />
scientists. And the book not only fails to enlighten us on science but doesn't even begin to<br />
provide any insight on scientific method." (p. 94)<br />
<br />
"Thirty four cases of fraud over a 2,000 year period are documented in the book, a number<br />
roughly comparable to the number of lawyers who went to jail for Watergate. Despite this small<br />
number, the authors imply that scientific fraud is common. They estimate that there are 100<br />
additional major frauds, plagiarisms, and data fabrications for each one detected..." That's not<br />
Broad and Wade. If one wishes to criticize, one should use the more absurd figures used by them.<br />
There is no need to fake it.<br />
<br />
The reviewer cites the recent case of Spector, at Cornell, and suggests that the case was not really<br />
a fraud at all. The very moment the announcement was made, there were skeptics who doubted.<br />
<br />
The Spector case, this reviewer feels, is a poor example of fraud in science. His summary: "...the<br />
authors took reports of scientific fraud and strung them together, claiming that their analysis<br />
would reveal something profound about science. It doesn't. From fraud, one only learns about<br />
fraud." (p. 95)</span>Sara Vixenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13045485513179947243noreply@blogger.com0